Biomass may be converted to more useful fuel and chemicals via thermochemical decomposition and biological digestion. Thermochemical conversion processes include three sub-categories: pyrolysis, gasification, and direct ...

The cost of biodiesels varies depending on the feedstock, geographic area, methanol prices, and seasonal variability in crop production. Most of the biodiesel is currently made from soybean, rapeseed, and palm oils. However, ...

Biomass can be converted into useful bio-fuels and bio-chemicals via biomass upgrading and biorefinery technologies. Biomass upgrading processesinclude fractionation, liquefaction, pyrolysis, hydrolysis, fermentation, ...

Hazelnut shell was liquefied directly in water at 530–710 K and in glycerol and alkaline (10% sodium carbonate) glycerol at 523–603 K temperature range. Thermal degradation of biomass, cellulose, hemicelluloses, and ...

Biomass energy is one of humanity's earliest sources of energy particularly in rural areas where it is often the only accessible and affordable source of energy. The use of biomass fuels provides substantial benefits as ...

The present study explores the characteristics of the biorefinery literature published during the last three decades based on the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE) and Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI) and its ...

Petroleum, coal and biomass can be converted into useful liquid, gaseous and solid fuels via chemical, thermochemical and biochemicals methods. Thermochemical conversion processes, including mainly pyrolysis and liquefaction, ...

The present study explores the characteristics of the literature on the production of bioenergy from biomass published during the last three decades, based on the databases of Science Citation Index-Expanded (SCIE) and ...

Comparison with other biomass thermochemical gasification, such as air gasification or steam gasification, the supercritical water gasification can directly deal with the wet biomass without drying, and has high gasification ...

What is the algal energy? What kinds of energy are there in algae? How is energy obtained from algae? Algae can be grown almost anywhere. Algae are photosynthetic organisms that can produce lipids, proteins and carbohydrates ...