Effect of different sowing rates on the fatty oil composition of coriander grown in winter and spring in semi-arid conditions

Abstract

Coriander is an annual herb, a member of the Umbelliferae/Apiaceae family, which often used in flavouring substances. The stem, root, leaves and fruits all have an aroma that most people consider to be pleasant. The objective of the study was to determine changes in the fatty oil composition of coriander sown at different seed rates (10, 20, 30, and 40 kg ha-1) and grown in winter and summer seasons. Two coriander varieties (Mardin and Denizli) were grown under semi-arid conditions. The experiment was arranged in a split-split plot design with three repli- cations. Sowing times composed the main plots, the subplots were varieties (population) and four different seeding rates (10, 20, 30, and 40 kg ha-1 ) were used as sub-sub plots. The crop harvests were completed from the first half of June to the first week of July, according to the maturity of different populations. The results showed that the fatty oil ratio varied between 17.30 and 23.82%. The highest value (23.82%) was obtained from sowing 40 kg seeds per ha-1 of the Denizli ecotype in winter, while the lowest one (17.30%) was achieved from the seed rate of 10 kg ha-1 of the Mardin ecotype sown in summer. It was determined that petroselinic acid, the most important component of coriander fatty oils, was high at the seed rate of 10 kg ha-1 of the Mardin ecotype plants sown in summer. The GGE biplot analysis was made, demonstra- ting a negative relationship between petroselinic acid and linolenic acid, a positive relationship between linoleic and cis-13-octadecenoic acid, and a positive relationship between palmitic, myristic, and stearolica acids.