THE DETERMINATION OF APPROACHES TO THE PROPHETIC PARABLES AS METHOD STUDY

Abstract

Prophethood is the founding doctrine of revelation in that it expresses the communication between God and man and the basic structure on which the principles of belief are built. Based on this importance, those who deny religious truths and those who defend them have focused on the issue of prophethood. While those who do not believe in God, Christians, Jews, and groups such as Barahima and Summaniya criticized Islam's understanding of prophethood. On the contrary, the Mutakallims tried to advocate the prophethood through reason and religious evidence. In this context, one of the issues on which opinions are expressed is the subject of the authenticity and truth of the parables. In the fact that the exemplary historical events were called as the qissa in a religious-moral sense instead of usture which Arabs before Islam called it. Not only the naming of past social events but also their content has been corrected. Nevertheless, the question of the authenticity of the parable has always been the subject of debate. There are two dimensions of the nobility of the prophetic parables as reality and authenticity. While the truth is about whether narrations refer to a case outside of the mind, the issue of authenticity is about the cultural base to which stories belong to. One of the attitudes about the authenticity and reality of the prophetic parables is the positivist approach. According to this approach, parables are a reflection of mythological narratives on religious beliefs. The second form of approach is the Psychoanalytic approach, based on the interpretations made on the symbolic manifestations of stories. According to this approach, parables are religious experiences that appear symbolically in consciousness through symbols and metaphors. In the theological approach, in which the possibility of revelation is accepted, there is a general acceptance that parables are signifying a truth properly. On the other hand, there are three different means of this approach, whether the stories are a complete expression of truth or symbolic messages created to give specific meanings. The first of these ways is the literalist view, in which the verbal of the stories are regarded as the truth. The second is the batini intuitionist approach that is considered the truths are under the apparent verbal meaning of stories, and that claims to be reached only through intuition only, not by way of literal meaning. The third approach is that the truth will be reached by understanding the language employing the real meaning suitable for the speaker. Among all approaches, the double truth paradigm, in which Ibn Rushd draws attention to the distinction between religion and philosophy, has come to the fore as a remarkable method. Thus, the fields of religion and philosophy have been separated from each other, and it has become important not to confuse the areas where interpretation is necessary and the areas that should be believed. As a conclusion proposal, the Mutakallims should consider this perspective in terms of providing a way out of the tension between religion and science in the modern period. In our study designed to evaluate the claims put forward in this regard, the ways of approaching the reality and authenticity of the parables of the Qur'an will be examined. As a result, in this study, in which the basic views of some Mutakallims on the subject are also stated, a method has been tried to be presented about the way they approach the nature and content of the prophetic parables.